Me encontraba diseñando una base de datos en MySQL y estaba teniendo muchos problemas al querer nombrar campos de una tabla con los nombres status y type, entonces me puse a revisar la documentación de MySQL y me di encontré la lista de palabras reservadas para MySQL explícitamente aunque muchas de ellas están prohibidas por SQL estándar como nombres de columna y/o tabla (por ejemplo,
GROUP). Algunas son reservadas porque MySQL las necesita y (frecuentemente) usa un analizador
sintáctico yacc. Una palabra reservada puede usarse como identificador si se entrecomilla.
| Palabra | Palabra | Palabra |
|---|---|---|
| ADD | ALL | ALTER |
| ANALYZE | AND | AS |
| ASC | ASENSITIVE | BEFORE |
| BETWEEN | BIGINT | BINARY |
| BLOB | BOTH | BY |
| CALL | CASCADE | CASE |
| CHANGE | CHAR | CHARACTER |
| CHECK | COLLATE | COLUMN |
| CONDITION | CONNECTION | CONSTRAINT |
| CONTINUE | CONVERT | CREATE |
| CROSS | CURRENT_DATE | CURRENT_TIME |
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR |
| DATABASE | DATABASES | DAY_HOUR |
| DAY_MICROSECOND | DAY_MINUTE | DAY_SECOND |
| DEC | DECIMAL | DECLARE |
| DEFAULT | DELAYED | DELETE |
| DESC | DESCRIBE | DETERMINISTIC |
| DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW | DIV |
| DOUBLE | DROP | DUAL |
| EACH | ELSE | ELSEIF |
| ENCLOSED | ESCAPED | EXISTS |
| EXIT | EXPLAIN | FALSE |
| FETCH | FLOAT | FOR |
| FORCE | FOREIGN | FROM |
| FULLTEXT | GOTO | GRANT |
| GROUP | HAVING | HIGH_PRIORITY |
| HOUR_MICROSECOND | HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND |
| IF | IGNORE | IN |
| INDEX | INFILE | INNER |
| INOUT | INSENSITIVE | INSERT |
| INT | INTEGER | INTERVAL |
| INTO | IS | ITERATE |
| JOIN | KEY | KEYS |
| KILL | LEADING | LEAVE |
| LEFT | LIKE | LIMIT |
| LINES | LOAD | LOCALTIME |
| LOCALTIMESTAMP | LOCK | LONG |
| LONGBLOB | LONGTEXT | LOOP |
| LOW_PRIORITY | MATCH | MEDIUMBLOB |
| MEDIUMINT | MEDIUMTEXT | MIDDLEINT |
| MINUTE_MICROSECOND | MINUTE_SECOND | MOD |
| MODIFIES | NATURAL | NOT |
| NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | NULL | NUMERIC |
| ON | OPTIMIZE | OPTION |
| OPTIONALLY | OR | ORDER |
| OUT | OUTER | OUTFILE |
| PRECISION | PRIMARY | PROCEDURE |
| PURGE | READ | READS |
| REAL | REFERENCES | REGEXP |
| RENAME | REPEAT | REPLACE |
| REQUIRE | RESTRICT | RETURN |
| REVOKE | RIGHT | RLIKE |
| SCHEMA | SCHEMAS | SECOND_MICROSECOND |
| SELECT | SENSITIVE | SEPARATOR |
| SET | SHOW | SMALLINT |
| SONAME | SPATIA | SPECIFIC |
| SQL | SQLEXCEPTION | SQLSTATE |
| SQLWARNING | SQL_BIG_RESULT | SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS |
| SQL_SMALL_RESULT | SSL | STARTING |
| STRAIGHT_JOIN | TABLE | TERMINATED |
| THEN | TINYBLOB | TINYINT |
| TINYTEXT | TO | TRAILING |
| TRIGGER | TRUE | UNDO |
| UNION | UNIQUE | UNLOCK |
| UNSIGNED | UPDATE | USAGE |
| USE | USING | UTC_DATE |
| UTC_TIME | UTC_TIMESTAMP | VALUES |
| VARBINARY | VARCHAR | VARCHARACTER |
| VARYING | WHEN | WHERE |
| WHILE | WITH | WRITE |
| XOR | YEAR_MONTH | ZEROFILL |
Pero cómo todo existen excepciones y MySQL permite que algunas palabras reservadas sean usadas como identificadores sin
entrecomillar porque mucha gente ya las usa. Ejemplos de esas palabras son las siguientes:
| ACTION |
| BIT |
| DATE |
| ENUM |
| NO |
| TEXT |
| TIME |
| TIMESTAMP |
Esto es una traducción del manual de MySQL extraido de conclase.net.
[...] seus problemas, estou postando aqui um resumo do ótimo artigo de Carlos Leopoldo sobre palavras reservadas em MySQL, que são as [...]